measures how people in different societies cope with inequality; in other words, how they relate to more powerful individuals. View full document. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. High power distance means that power is unevenly distributed; low power distance means that power is more evenly distributed [TIP]. It's important to understand the perspective of the followers in order to appreciate this dimension, which focuses on inequality and power. A low power distance culture looks at people as equals, and work is a collaborative process. Power distance has to do with a cultures perception of the fair distribution of power. Collectivism. Asia Power Index 2019 Methodology 2 I. The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power and authority. Note that the VSM 2013 scale scores for power distance correlated at inadequate levels with the power distance scores from Hofstede Insights (2020) and Taras et al. Unlike the Kogut and Singh (1988) index, this measure does not assume that the differences in the scores on. Cultures with high PDI scores tend to be hierarchical and value power and social status 3. A culture that gives great deference to a person of authority is a High Power Distance culture, and a culture that values the equal treatment of everyone is a Low Power Distance culture. expect and accept that power as distributed unequally. The Power Distance Index is defined as “the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Hofstede’s initial six key dimensions include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and short vs. an institute, high power distance of a society accepts the inequality of power and wealth . Measures tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society. A global leader may have a person from Asia, Mexico, and Germany on their team. Originally power distance index was proposed by Hofstede in his cultural dimensions theory (Hofstede, 1980). A. Dr. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. Following its success in California, it opened in Florida and Tokyo, where greater levels of success were also recorded. Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions like the family, companies or any environment accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. She’s also co-author of The. It enable to compare the three different society presented. The Power Distance Index measures the degree of inequality in . Q: The systematic process of collecting and analyzing target customer data, the competition, and the target market environment to aid in making messaging, positioning and pricing decisions is _____. High power distance stands for an unequal distribution of power; low power distance stands for equally distributed power. 2 shows the levels of power distance (and the other cultural dimensions discussed later) in 15 selected societies. Although all cultures. 05 per minute for long distance phone calls. Israel. Individualism/ Collectivism Index Power Distance Index. sav (SPSS) format, the base culture data for six dimensions of culture as presented in Cultures and Organizations 3rd edition 2010. The most commonly used measure for high power distance culture is the Power Distance Index (PDI), which was developed by Geert Hofstede. According to Hofstede, the power distance, as a cultural dimension, explains the degree to which different societies treat or accept social inequalities. Implications of Power Distance. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. It further determines the degree to which the ordinary citizens or employees submit to the authority. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. d. Theory focusing on the relationship between the individual and his or her fellows. Power Distance Index: Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which inequality and power are tolerated. The Power Distance index shows how less powerful individuals accept and expect an unequal distribution of power. 4 This affects the way people function in their families, theirThe IDV measures the extent to which people look out for each other as a team or look out for themselves as an individual. In high-power distance index countries, employees are often afraid to express disagreement. and similar measures. c. It shows that people with high power in the society will get more respect. KidFrogMaster907. (Hofstede, p. Challanges of an aging world Fact: Global life expectancy for 2050 is 76 years old. Those who are considering commercial use should contact us. It describes how a society handles that fact th at individuals are unequal. Individualism. Power Distance Index measures. This is. d. The method to calculate the power distance index is provided in details in the two versions of . (Power rests with superiors . Power Distance Index measures _____. How is power distance measured? Power distance is typically measured using Hofstede's Power Distance Index (PDI), which assesses a society's level of power distance on a scale based on responses to survey questions related to authority and power distribution. completing one task before starting the next, deadline and stick to a schedule, Germany and Switzerland. Via multivariate multiple linear regression, we assess the link between Hofstede’s measures of cultural values and innovation as measured by. Culture is pervasive in all marketing activities, pricing, product, promotions, packaging, styling and channels of distribution. Home User Research Methods Power Distance Index measures asked Jun 13, 2019 in User Research Methods by parvinder. rituals . Methodology. 2. The power distance index (PDI) is a sociological measure that indicates the extent to which less powerful members of a group accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. A The value of dignity and respect a person gets from society; B The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture; C The authority of the user over a product; D The degree of a society Q 20: It is a sequential art, where images are arrayed together to visualize the story. Individuals from cultures high on power distance display pride more readily after an achievement, such as winning a medal in the Olympics d. 1. The “Power Distance Index” measures how hierarchical a country is and how its citizens value authority. Power Distance Index measures _____. Hofstede’s scores range from 100 (the highest power distance) to 0 (the lowest). Power Distance. 그는 1967년부터 1973년 동안 세계의 각국(70여국 이상)에 직원을 두고 있는 IBM 직원들을 대상으로 각국의 문화적. Uncertainty avoidance index. PDI has had a substantial influence on international business training. This can lead to high turnover rates in companies and low learning outcomes in schools if not taken into consideration. Abstract: Devised in the 1970s by Dutch business theorist Geert Hofstede, the power distance index (PDI) measures people’s attitudes toward inequality in a. The power distance index focuses on the power and inequality level ofaculture;toelaborate onthematter,thismeasure looks at the order of hierarchy and equality within a certain culture. One example is a company with a very formal organizational structure where you have workers, managers, middle managers, executives, and an executive board. Search for: 'power distance' in Oxford Reference ». There’s just one step to solve this. Germany has a 35 on the scale compared to Arab. Hofstede (2010) also considers that power distance. b. (2014), power distance is a criterion which can measure the degree of power inequality acceptance. Masculinity Versus Femininity. Long Term Index vs Short Term Index. Hofstede’s Cultural Framework. femininity, 3) long-term vs short-term orientation, 4) uncertainty avoidance index, 5) indulgence vs restraint, and 6) individualism vs. degree to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals rather than in groups. The Power Distance Index measures power inequality: those in a high Power Distance culture are deferential to leadership; in low Power Distance cultures it’s OK to wear your “Question Authority” T-shirt to work. PDI was developed by Geert Hofstede, a Dutch social psychologist that helps in measuring the distribution of power and wealth. power distance index. Sweden has a low PDI score of 31, indicating a relatively equal distribution of power and a society that values equality and fairness. b. The second measure of cultural distance whose effect we tested is a Euclidean distance index based on Hofstede (1980) (see e. China with a score of 68 is higher than the U. The Social Distance Scale (v1) is a brief self-report screening measure of patient adherence to social distancing and self-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Power distance index (credited to G H Hofsteder) measures the extent to which the less powerful members of a society accept or expect power to be distributed unequally. A low uncertainty avoidance index indicates a high tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. The concept, is used in cultural studies to understand the relationship between individuals with varying power, and the effect this has on society. Click the card to flip 👆. User Research Methods. . High PDI Countries. This paper focuses on measuring Hofstede’s power distance index for different countries, particularly in Kazakh culture. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. Members within a power network may accept or reject the power distance within an. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low). 4) Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low). Total views 67. Power Distance Index measures. for Power Distance Index, C(ic) for Individualism Index. a national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence. Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Femininity measures the role of aggression, achievement, and gender in society. Cultures with low PDI scores value equality and reflect egalitarian. In contrast, Denmark is considered to be a low power distance culture with a power distance index of 18. You must understand the culture of the consumer because that is what creates the market. The paper presents a calculation for the values of power distance index in the countries of. The Power Distance Index measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system 2. As the years go by it seems that the distance between the 'have' and 'have-nots' grows. The power-distance index (PDI) is a measurement of the acceptance of a hierarchy of power and wealth by the individuals who make up the general population of a nation, culture, or business. This is applicable not only within corporate structures but also within. The Power Distance index measures the degree of social inequality. Can an individual’s background influence their perception of power distance? Power distance index (PDI) measures the extent to which people accept the inequality of power in a society or organization. The United States scores a compared to the of the German culture. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as mush as by the leaders. singh. Note that the VSM 2013 scale scores for power distance correlated at inadequate levels with the power distance scores from Hofstede Insights (2020) and Taras et al. society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. The first dimension of national culture is called Power Distance. How tolerant people are of ambiguity. It is now available in fully-developed, ready-to-use culture-specific packages. Societies with a high power distance exhibit the existence of more. Power distance index. Knowledge of power distance enables project managers to implement measures to influence it towards higher productivity. ECONOMETRI. It is a measure of the extent to which members of a. The PDI ultimately provides evidence pf the extent to. Methodology. The power distance is closely associated with social inequality. Power is the capacity of a state or territory to direct or influence the behaviour of other states, non-state actors, and the course of international events. 112 Greece 8 Singapore . Question: Research shows that countries that score high on Hofstede's masculinity and powe distance measures are more likely to engage in unethical behavior. Cultural differences have a strong influence on the work and study climate in cross-cultural environment. It was introduced in the 1970s by Geert Hofstede, who outlined a number of cultural theories throughout his work. I t is . This dimension is essentially a measure of. Power distance. In a collective. Power Distance Index. Power distance index (PDI) is an assessment of the extent to which a society accepts the unequal distribution of power. A survey was carried out on 104 middle-level employees from consulting firms, contracting firms, and government. A The value of dignity and respect a person gets from society B The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture The concept, is used in cultural studies to understand the relationship between individuals with varying power, and the effect this has on society. Note: in the original version of the book "Long- Versus Short-Term Orientation" was described as "Pragmatic Versus Normative. coordinate everyday interactions and special occasions. Power distance is a cultural dimension, which impacts the relationship between superiors and subordinates within organizations, and is known to influence the functioning of participation in. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is culture, What is the traditional definition of culture, and more. long-term orientation. The relation between subordinate and boss depends on boss who makes all decisions. A low score on the power distance index, on the other hand, is. Power Distance Index (PDI) A. csv and . The first of Hofstede cultural dimensions, the power distance index, is a measurement which reflects how comfortable a society is with power inequality, authority, hierarchy and inequality. Power distance index (PDI) measures the extent to which people accept the inequality of power in a society or organization. Power distance Index Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Here are, in downloadable . Power distance index. the countries with stronger individualistic orientation tend to be slower in stringency measures. This dimension is essentially a measure of. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. This represents inequality (more versus less) as defined from below, not from above, suggesting that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers. Individualism index: The index measure the extent to which a society is individualistic. upward mobility is limited. False Power Distance Index measures the degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders--Correct The purpose of user research is to gain an understanding of the users, their tasks, the tools and technology they use, and the environment in which they perform their tasks--Wrong People from this cultural group. This study seeks to develop a measure method of national culture based on cultural origins. can be tolerated by the staff in the lower management level. The Power Distance Index measures a person's or culture's attitude towards hierarchy and can affect the ability to speak up to authority figures. Chapter 1. Cultures differ in their level of power distance, and those with high power distance justify inequalities in the society or ingroup, whereas those with low power dis-Power Distance Index (PDI) The degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Development and studies on the theory Hofstede Cultural dimensions theory Country Comparison tool. Masculinity. The power distance index was developed to measure the distribution of wealth between people in a nation, business or culture. Power Distance Index measures. indulgence vs. The power distance index considers the extent to which power and inequality are tolerated by followers. Markets are the result of culture. The Power distance index measures the degree of hierarchy and focus of power and authority in the society House et al. To provide a more precise understanding of the effects of power distance, we have developed a new psychological power distance conceptualization based on five sub-dimensions: 1) Power, 2) conflict with authority figure, 3) hierarchy, 4) prestige, and 5) social distance ( Fig. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. Power distance index: The index measures the degree of inequality that exists in a society. The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture C. PDI is a part of cultural dimensions theory, an attempt to quantify the differences in attitudes between cultures. Power distance shapes the way things are done at work, at home, and at school. Quantic Smartly MBA: Every detail you should know before. employee)-Low PDI cultures have shorted power differences between authority figures and public; thus, more open communication. Learn how Hofstede, GLOBE, and other researchers calculated PDI, what it means for work culture and international business, and how it relates to income inequality. Collectivism. What is power distance index? Power distance index (credited to G H Hofstede) measures the extent to which the less powerful members of the society accept or expect power to be distributed unequally. Collectivism vs. As (Table 1) shows, many of the emerging markets in regions such as Asia and Latin America, such as India, Brazil, and Mexico, all have high power distance scores. This is an amazing turnaround for a. The measure was. Suppose we have two points P and Q to determine the distance between these points we simply have to calculate the perpendicular distance of the points from X-Axis and Y-Axis. pieces of the workplace atmosphere puzzle. Administrative science quarterly,. For instance, Guatemala has a score of 95 while Israel scores 13 with a very low power distance, whereas the United States stands somewhere in between with a score of 40. Although all cultures have some degree of inequality, Hofstede observes that some societies have higher levels of equality than others. In high-power distance index countries, employees are. Power Distance Index -Measures the tolerance of social inequality, that is, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. Which of the following is used as a way of decreasing power distance in low power distance cultures: decentralizing activities. Power Distance Index. In individualistic societies, the ties between individuals are loose and individual achievement is highly valued. individualism vs. Basically, they have a PDI score of 80-100. In line with this, the so–called Power Distance Index measures, as . 권력거리지수 PDI (Power Distance Index) Geert Hofstede 교수는 네덜란드 Maastricht University 에서 국제경영학을 가르치는 교수이고, 현재는 퇴직한 명예교수이다. false. Cultures with high PDI scores tend to be hierarchical and value power and social status 3. High PDI › hierarchical, with members citing social roles, manipulation, and inheritance as sources of power and social status. Power distance index is when the less powerful members of an organization or institution expect power to be distrusted unequally. measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity. The authority of the user over a productD. It suggests that aAccording to Nothouse (2019), the primary purpose of the GLOBE project is to increase our understanding of cross-cultural interactions and the impact of culture on leadership effectiveness (p. Power Distance Index (PDI) focuses on the degree of equality, or inequality, between people in the country’s society…. Organizational hierarchyFrom the pictorial data above we see that Nigeria scores very high above the average: 80/120; 67% on the scale. Hofstede also introduces the PDI (Power Distance Index) to measure the power distance level in many cultures, in which “cultures with high PDI scores have power and influence concentrated in the. The following are types of power distance index: Vertical PDI. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women’s values differ less among societies than men’s values; (b) men’s values from one country to. Review 2 (3) 123 – 127 (2017) Arief Noviarakhman Zagladi distance indicators by Robertson and Hoffman (2000), as in the research conducted by Wang and Nayir (2010). The extent to which individual countries share key dimensions depends on a number of factors, such as. collectivism. 1>The degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture The authority of the user over a product ***** Power Distance Index measures the degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders--Correct (1) - 5 It is a. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. " Hofstede created a measurement tool for the power distance dimension. High Power distance. A low power distance index indicates that a culture encourages flat organizational structures that feature decentralized decision-making responsibility, a participative management style, and emphasis on power distribution. The person from China or Mexico, two countries that measure high on the Power Distance Index (China, 80 and Mexico, 81!), will be more likely to go with whatever the. 1. According to Hofstede, power distance represents “the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally” (Hofstede, 1989: 28). China has high PDI with 80, America with 40, Canada with 39 and Britain with 35. TRUE. The Power Distance Index (PDI) is a concept in social studies that measures the extent to which power or authority is distributed unequally in a society. It represents inequality being defined from below, not from above in a way that a society’s level of inequality is. 3a measures distance between target and acquirer country political variables and their impact on the M&A abandonment likelihood. Societies with a high power distance exhibit the existence of more. Power distance measures a degree to which less powerful members of organizations can accept uneven distribution of power. Low power distance index indicates that. High PDI cultures the those who hold power are entitled to privileges 4. Such cultures emphasize an unequal distribution of power among the population, and. the extent to which a community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges. femininity. This tendency makes us dependent on the diktats of. collectivism) and power distance (Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally). Borrowing from the Dutch social psycholo-Abstract. Measures the tolerance of social inequality. The Philippines has the 4th highest power distance index in the world at 94 compared to the US at 40. Note that the relevant chapter of Cultures and Organizations is titled “More Equal than Others,” and its subsection is labeled “Measuring the Degree of Inequality in Society: The Power Distance Index. PDI has had a substantial influence on international business trainingHofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. As shown in Table l, in large Power DistancePower distance may be defined as the degree of acceptance of unequal distribution of power that exists as a continuum in institutions such as families, schools and workplaces [8], [16]. ”. The measure was. masculinity/Feminity. For example, in Germany percentage of power distance is 35% on the other side the percentage in. chosen as the central question for measuring power distance (Hofstede 2001: 53). Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Russia and China are examples of high power distance countries with scores between 80 and 100. A) The Power Distance Index measures how people in different societies relate to more powerful individuals. It signifies inequality measured from below as opposed to above and suggests that it is endorsed by both followers and leaders (Hofstede, Dimensions, 2014). 437). To measure the degree of power distance in a country, researchers have come up with a scale called, aptly, the Power Distance Index. collectivism (IDV), masculinity versus femininity (MAS), uncertainty. #user#research#methods. Power distance index measures the distribution of power and wealth between individuals in a business, culture, or nation. Power Distance "The extent to which the community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges" High power distance communities expect everyone to obey their leaders without question, regardless of the context they are in. Individualism/ Collectivism Index. China is the highest ranked country on two measures. Power Distance Index (PDI): this measures the degree of vertical, hierarchical power structuring in society. Question: Explain what Hofstede’s power distance dimension measures and give an example of a high and low power distance culture. power seen as providing social order. High power distance index indicates that a. While several scales are informally circulating at this stage of the pandemic, the Social Distance Scale (v1) now has initial psychometric information to support its use. A society with a high Power Distance perpetuates and accepts inequalities amongst people while a low Power Distance dissuades differences in people’s power, wealth and status, and generally strives for. power distance index. It measures the temperature of power relationships in any given setting—be it your family, workplace, or an entire country. The power distance index (PDI), developed by Dutch social psychologist GEERT HOFSTEDE, is an index that measures the distribution of power and wealth between individuals in a business, culture, or. Comparatively Japan has an intermediate power distance score, high scores for masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation and are collectivists and restrained. Consequently, the power distance index measures the degree of inequality in a society or country. The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power and authority. Power distance index in working class family is higher than that in middle class family. Power distance index. Power Distance Index. Later, researchers added restraint vs. Explanation: The Power Distance Index (PDI) measures a person's or culture's attitude towards hierarchy, indicating the degree to which people in a society accept and expect power to be. measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), one of the six dimensions of culture identified by Geert Hofstede, focuses on assertiveness and achievement. Malcolm Gladwell offers a good explanation in his book Outliers: The Story of Success when he talks about Hofstede’s power distance index, which compares the extent of unequal power distribution across countries. “. Power distance index (PDI) is an assessment of the extent to which a society accepts the unequal distribution of power. Preference for individuality or conformity. The interesting aspect of phrasing the Power Distance definition is that it is written from the perspective of people who have no power. 307, 1986) Power distance between Australia and Japan: Power distance in Australia: According to Hofstede power distance index, the score of Australia is only 36. Hofstede's Power Distance: Definition & Examples; Comparing Low & High Power Distance Cultural Communications; Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory; Cultural Differences in Negotiations and ConflictsPower distance is a measure of power dynamics; the differences in relative power between superiors and subordinates…. Show transcribed image text. In the table, we break Hofstede’s scores into high (70–100), medium (40–69), and low (0–39). In line with this, the so–called Power Distance Index measures, as Hofstede insists, (in)equality. 4 – Masculinity index (MAS) for 50 countries and 3 regions (Hofstede, 1997: 84) He also developed the power distance index to determine if a country has high, low, or moderate power distance. It is used to measure the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within. Pages 100+ Identified Q&As 100+ Solutions available. femininity. Disruption four. Mkt. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within. The power distance index measures how less powerful members of a group or organization accept and anticipate power to be divided unequally. ” In this dimension, inequality and power are perceived from the followers, or the lower level. Show transcribed image text. 5. Indulgence Versus Restraint. Hofstede developed a model that identifies four primary dimensions to assist in differentiating cultures: Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, and Uncertainty Avoidance. 0 (2 reviews) Which of the following statements regarding power distance and teams is correct? People in high power distance countries expect unequal power distribution in the social, political and economic areas. Some societies allow these differences to grow into power and wealth inequities over time, while others aim to limit such inequalities as much as possible. focuses on achieving spiritual growth and development. Administrative science quarterly, 286-316. Power distance index measures the extents to which less powerful members of. doc, . decisionmaking duties has a low power distance index. The phonetics of the keyword “Power Distance Index (PDI)” is as follows:- Power: powər- Distance: dystəns- Index: indɛks- PDI: p di ai. Arab, African, Asian and Latin countries have a higher score with regards to power distance index while Germanic and Anglo countries possess a lower score. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. Long- Versus Short-Term Orientation. In countries and cultures with high Power Distance index, power is fairly centralized and subordinates are more dependent on superiors, while in those with a low Power Distance index, relationships within the organization are more pragmatic and problem solving is moreThese are 1) power distance index, 2) masculinity vs. There are 3 steps to solve this one. Measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity. Hofstede insists, (in)equality. PDI is a part of cultural dimensions theory, an attempt to quantify the differences in attitudes between cultures. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. A country that has high power index indicates that it has a strong concept regarding societal hierarchy,. organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Power Distance Index measures willingness of employees to be subservient towards authority, in India the PDI is 77 which is significantly high and compelling. 50. The six dimensions are as follows: Power Distance Index: Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which inequality and power are tolerated. The power distance index – this measures the extent in which inequality and power. 1. I believe that the importance of PDI analysis t be can’ overstated due to the fact that, if taken into thoughtful consideration, the index can revealpreferences like power distance index were developed and validated. In short, the index measures the extent to which subordinates accept or challenge the authority of the people in charge. Key Takeaways The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power. Power-distance Culturally, the UK scores low for power-distance, a measure of the extent to which less powerful members of society expect and accept that unequal distribution of power. measures the tolerance of social inequality. The companyStart studying INTL Marketing Exam 2. National Economics University. On the other han the power distance in the United States scores a on the . The index formula is PDI = –35m(03) +35m(06) +25m(14) –20m(17) –20 in which m(03) is the mean score for question 03, etc. uncertainty avoidance 3. The greater in UAI, the less risk people are willing to takeStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Power Distance Index, Individualism vs. False.